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Impacts Hub

IMPACTS EVIDENCE UPDATES
MCCIP provides an independent, authoritative overview of UK marine and coastal climate change impacts across ‘Physical environment’, ‘Ecosystem change’ and ‘Societal impact’ themes. Each topic provides headline messages on: what is happening, what could happen and key challenges and emerging issues. Confidence ratings are provided for ‘What is already happening’, and ‘What could happen’ by the topic authors and checked by reviewers based on (1) the amount of evidence available, and (2) the level of scientific consensus.

The underlying evidence is now being updated on a ‘rolling’ basis, ensuring the detailed topic reports, and their ‘highlight’ pages provide the most up-to-date information.
MCCIP commissions the contributing scientists and identifies appropriate specialists to peer-review the quality of the science, in accordance with the MCCIP Scientific Integrity and Independence (SIIRMs) model.

SPECIAL TOPICS
In addition to the comprehensive impacts evidence updates of UK marine climate change science, MCCIP periodically produces Special Topic Reports which focus on a key issue in more detail.

KEY CHALLENGES AND EMERGING ISSUES
MCCIP published a suite of outputs on ‘responding to key challenges in UK marine climate change’ in 2022 that built on the evidence presented in the 2020 MCCIP report card. They provided a snapshot of the key issues facing the UK marine climate change community and guidance on how to address them. This work will be revisited when the full suite of MCCIP topics have been updated in 2025. 

An archive of all previous versions of the MCCIP Rolling Evidence Updates since 2020, and the preceding MCCIP report cards published between 2006 and 2020, along with their backing papers, can be found here.

Climate change affects the physical characteristics of UK seas, and surrounding oceans. Long-term observations show air and sea warming, sea-ice loss, ocean acidification and sea-level rise. These trends are expected to continue. For sea level, the latest UK projections show bigger changes than previously estimated, increasing the risk of coastal flooding and erosion.

Most Recent Updates:
- February 2025: Ocean Acidification
- September 2023: Arctic Sea Ice
- March 2023: Sea Temperature, Ocean circulation, Storms and Waves, and Oxygen
- November 2022: Shelf-sea Stratification
Across different ecosystems, climate change is having common effects; there is evidence of shifts in both geographical distributions, species community compositions and the timing of life-cycle events. However, disentangling the effects of climate change from natural variability is complex and requires long term datasets, especially for remote and inaccessible areas, such as the deep sea.

Most Recent Updates:
- February 2025: Marine Mammals (literature recently reviewed, no updates to paper required)
- December 2023: Seabirds and Waterbirds
- September 2023: Fish
A wide range of economically important marine and coastal industries are being affected by climate change, with impacts on food availability, infrastructure, seasonal operating windows and the movement of goods. Coastal erosion, flooding, sea-level rise and potential changes in storminess present multiple risks to UK industries and coastal communities.

Most Recent Updates:
- February 2025: Aquaculture
- December 2023: Transport and Infrastructure
- September 2023: Fisheries and Cultural Heritage
- November 2022: Coastal flooding